UPSC SCRA Exam Syllabus:
Union Public Service Commission conducts the Special Class Railway Apprentices’ Examination to select candidates for the Mechanical Department of Indian Railways. The SCRA Exam Syllabus details given below.
Syllabus of Examination:
Paper-I – General Ability Test
I) English
The questions will be designed to
test the candidates' understanding and command Of the language.
(ii) General Knowledge
The questions will be designed to
test a candidate’s general awareness of the environment around him/her and its
application to society. The standard of answers to question should be as
expected of students of standard 12 or equivalent. Man and is environment Evolution of life, plants and animals, heredity and
environment-Genetics, cells, chromosomes, genesis Knowledge of the human
body-nutrition, balanced diet, substitute foods, public health and sanitation
including control of epidemics and common diseases. Environmental pollution and
its control. Food adulteration, proper storage and preservation of food grains
and finished products, population explosion, population control. Production of
food and raw materials. Breeding of animals and plants, artificial
insemination, manures and fertilizers, crop protection measures, high yielding
varieties and green revolution, main cereal and cash crops of India. Solar
system and the earth. Seasons, Climate, Weather, Soil—its ormation, erosion.
Forests and their uses. Natural calamities cyclones, floods, earthquakes,
volcanic eruptions. Mountains and rivers and their role in irrigation in India.
Distribution of natural resources and industries in India. Exploration of
under—ground minerals including Oil conservation of natural resources with
particular reference to the flora and fauna of India. History, Politics and
Society in India— Vedic, Mahavir, Buddha,
auryan, Sunga, Andhra, Kushan. Gupta ages (Mauryan Pillars, Stupa Caves,
Sanchi, Mathura and Gandharva Schools, Temple architecture, Ajanta and Ellora)
the rise of new social forces with the coming of Islam and establishment of
broader contacts Transition from feudalism to capitalism. Opening of European
contacts. Establishment of British rule in India. Rise of nationalism and
national struggle for freedom culminating in Independence. Constitution of
India and its characteristic features—Democracy, secularism, Socialism, equality of
opportunity and Parliamentary form of Government. Major political
ideologies—democracy, socialism, communism and Gandhi an idea of non-violence.
Indian political parties, pressure groups, public opinion and the press,
electoral system. India’s foreign policy and non-alignment- Arms race, balance
of power. World organization — political, social, economic and cultural.
Important events including sports and cultural activities) in India and abroad
during the past two years. Broad features of Indian social system — the caste
system, hierarchy — recent changes and trends. Minority social institution —
marriage, family, religion and acculturation
Division of labour, co-operation, conflict and competition, Social
control — reward and punishment, art, law, customs, propaganda, public opinion,
agencies of social control — family, religion, State educational institutions;
factors of social change — economic, technological, demographic, cultural; the
concept of revolution. Social disorganisation in India — Casteism, communalism,
corruption in public life, youth unrest, beggary, drugs, delinquency and crime,
poverty and unemployment. Social planning and welfare in India, community
development and labour welfare; welfare of Scheduled Castes and Backward
Classes. Money — Taxation, price, demographic trends, national income, economic
growth. Private and Public Sectors; economic and non-economic factors in
planning, balanced versus imbalanced growth, agricultural versus industrial
development; inflation and price stabilization, problem of resource
mobilisation. India’s Five Year Plans.
(iii) Psychological Test
The questions will be designed to
assess the basic intelligence and mechanical aptitude of the candidate.
Paper-II – Physical Sciences
i)Physics
Length measurements using
vernier, screw gauge, speedometer and optical lever measurement of time and
mass. Straight line motion and relationships among placements, velocity and acceleration.
Newton's Laws of Motion, Momentum, impulse, work, energy and power. Coefficient
of friction. Equilibrium of bodies under action of Forces. Moment of a force,
couple. Newton’s Law of Gravitation. Escape velocity Acceleration due to
gravity. Mass and Weight; Centre of gravity, Uniform circular motion,
centripetal force, simple Harmonic motion. Simple pendulum. Pressure in a fluid
and its variation with depth. Pascal’s Law. Principle of Archimedes. Floating
bodies, atmospheric pressure and its
measurement. Temperature and its measurement. Thermal expansion, Gas laws and
absolute temperature. Specific heat, latent heats and their measurement.
Specific heat of gases. Mechanical equivalent of heat. Internal energy and
First law of thermodynamics, Isothermal and adiabatic changes. Transmission of
heat; thermal conductivity. Wave motion; Longitudinal and transverse waves.
Progressive and stationary waves, Velocity of sound in gas and its dependence
on various factors. Resonance phenomena (air columns and strings). Reflection
and refraction of light. Mage formation
by curved mirrors and lenses, Microscopes and telescopes. Defects of vision.
Prisms, deviation and dispersion, Minimum deviation. Visible spectrum. Field
due to a bar magnet, Magnetic moment, Elements of Earth’s magnetic field.
Magnetometers. Dia, para and ferromagnetism. Electric charge, electric field
and potential, Coulomb’s Law. Electric current; electric cells, e.m.f.
resistance, ammeters and voltmeters. Ohm’s law; resistances in series and
parallel, specific resistance and conductivity. Heating effect of current.
Wheatstone’s bridge, Potentiometer. Magnetic effect of current; straight wire,
coil and solenoid electromagnet; electric bell. Force on a current-carrying
conductor in magnetic field; moving coil galvanometers; conversion to ammeter
orvoltmeter.Chemical effects of current; Primary and storage cells and their
functioning, Laws of electrolysis. Electromagnetic induction; Simple A.C. and
D.C. generators. Transformers, Induction Coil, Cathode rays, discovery of the electron,
Bohr model of the atom. Diode and its use as a rectifier. Production,
properties and uses of Grays. Radioactivity; Alpha, Beta and Gamma rays. Nuclear energy; fission and fusion,
conversion of mass into energy, chain reaction.
(ii) Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
1. Atomic structure; earlier
models in brief. Atom as at three dimensional models. Orbital concept. Quantum
numbers and their significance, only elementary treatment. Paula’s Exclusion
Principle. Electronic configuration. Aufbau Principle, s.p.d. and f. block
elements. Periodic classification only long form. Periodicity and electronic
configuration.
Atomic radii, Electro-negativity
in period and groups.
2. Chemical Bonding,
electro-valent, covalent, coordinates covalent bonds. Bond properties, sigma
and Pie bonds, Shapes of simple molecules like water, hydrogen sulphide,
methane and ammonium chloride. Molecular association and hydrogen bonding.
3. Energy changes in a chemical
reaction Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions Application of First Law of
Thermodynamics, Hess’s Law of constant heat summation.
4. Chemical Equilibriums and
rates of reactions. Law of Mass action. Effect of Pressure, Temperature and
concentration on the rates of reaction. (Qualitative treatment based on Le
Chatelier’s Principle). Molecularity; First and Second order reaction. Concept
of Energy of activation. Application to manufacture of Ammonia and Sulphur
trioxide.
5. Solutions: True solutions,
colloidal solutions and suspensions. Colligative properties of dilute solutions
and determination of Molecular weights of issolvedsubstances.Elevation of
boiling points. Depressions of freezing point, osmotic pressure. Raoult’s Law
(no thermodynamic treatment only).
6. Electro-Chemistry: Solution of
Electrolytes, Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis, ionic equilibrium, Solubility
product Strong and weak electrolytes. Acids and Bases (Lewis and Bronstead
concept). PH and Buffer solutions.
7. Oxidation — Reduction; Modern,
electronics concept and oxidation number.
8. Natural and Artificial
Radioactivity: Nuclear Fission and Fusion. Uses of Radioactive
Isotopes. Inorganic Chemistry
Brief Treatment of Elements and their industrially important compounds:
1. Hydrogen: Position in the
periodic table. Isotopes of hydrogen. Electronegative and electropositive
character. Water, hard and soft water, use of water in industries, Heavy water
and its uses.
2. Group I Elements: Manufacture
of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride.
3. Group II Elements: Quick and
slaked lime. Gypsum, Plaster of Paris. Magnesium sulphate and Magnesia.
4. Group III Elements: Borax,
Alumina and Alum.
5. Group IV Elements: Coals, Coke
and solid Fuels, Silicates, Zolitis semi-conductors.
Glass (Elementary treatment).
6. Group V Elements. Manufacture
of ammonia and nitric acid. Rock Phosphates and safety matches.
7. Group VI Elements. Hydrogen
peroxide, allotropy of sulphur, sculptures acid. Oxides of sulphur.
8. Group VII Elements.
Manufacture and uses of Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine, Hydrochloric
acid. Bleaching powder.
9. Group O. (Noble gases) Helium
and its uses. 10. Metallurgical Processes: General Methods of extraction of
metals with specific reference to copper, iron, aluminums,
Silver, gold, zinc and lead.
Common alloys of these metals; Nickel and manganese steels.
Organic Chemistry
1. Tetrahedral nature of carbon,
Hybridization and sigma pie bonds and their relative strength. Single and
multiple bonds. Shapes of molecules. Geometrical and optical somerism.
2. General methods of
preparation, properties and reaction of alkenes, alkenes and alkynes, Petroleum
and its refining. Its uses as fuel. Aromatic hydrocarbons: Resonance and
aromaticity. Benzene and Naphthalene and their analogues. Aromatic substitution
reactions.
3. Halogen derivatives:
Chloroform, Carbon Tetrachloride, Chlorobenzene, D.D.T. and Gammexane.
4. Hydroxyl Compounds:
Preparation, properties and uses of Primary, Secondary and tertiary alcohols,
Methanol, Ethanol, Glycerol and Phenol, Substitution reaction at aliphatic
carbon atom.
5. Ethers; Diethyl ether.
6. Aldehydes and ketenes:
Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Benzaldehyde, acetone, cetophenone.
7. Nitro compounds amines:
Nitrobenzene TNT, Aniline, Diazonium Compounds, Azodyes.
8. Carboxylic acid: Formic, acetic,
benzoic and salicylic acids, acetyl salicylic acid.
9. Esters: Ethyl cerate, Methyl
calculates ethyl benzoate.
10. Polymers: Polythene, Teflon,
Perplex, Artificial Rubber, Nylon and Polyester fibers.
11. Nonstructural treatment of
Carbohydrates, Fats and Lipids, amino acids and proteins - Vitamins and
hormones.
Paper-III – Mathematics
1. Algebra:
Concept of a set, Union and
Intersection of sets, Complement of a set, Null set, Universal set and Power
set, Venn diagrams and simple applications. Cartesian product of two sets,
relation and mapping — examples, Binary operation on a set — examples.
Representation of real numbers on a line Complex numbers: Modulus, Argument,
Algebraic operations on complex numbers Cube roots of unity. Binary system of
numbers, Conversion of a decimal number to a binary number and vice versa.
Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic Progressions. Summation of series involving
A.P., G.P., and H.P... Quadratic equations with real co-efficients Quadratic
expressions: extreme values. Permutation and combination, Binomial theorem and
its applications. Matrices and Determinants: Types of matrices, equality,
matrix addition and scalar multiplication - properties. Matrix multiplication —
non-commutative and distributive property over addition. Transpose of a matrix,
Determinant of a matrix. Minors and Co-factors. Properties of determinants.
Singular and non-singular matrices. Adjoin and Inverse of a square-matrix,
Solution of a system of linear equations in two and three variables-
elimination method, Cramers rule and Matrix inversion method (Matrices with m
rows and n columns where m, n < to 3 are to be considered). Idea of a Group,
Order of a Group, Abelian group. Identitiy and inverse elements- Illustration
by simple examples.
2. Trigonometry:
Addition and subtraction
formulae, multiple and sub-multiple angles. Product and factoring formulae.
Inverse trigonometric functions — Domains, Ranges and Graphs. DeMoivre's
theorem, expansion of Sin n0 and Cos n0 in a series of multiples of Sines and
Cosines. Solution of simple trigonometric equations. Applications: Heights and
Distance.
3. Analytic Geometry (two dimensions): Rectangular Cartesian.
Coordinate system, distance between two points, equation of a straight line in
various forms, angle between two lines, and distance of a point from a line.
Transformation of axes. Pair of straight lines, general equation of second
degree in x and y — condition to represent a pair of straight lines, point of
intersection, angle between two lines. Equation of a circle in standard and in
general form, equations of tangent and normal at a point, orthogonally of two
circles. Standard equations of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola — parametric
equations, equations of tangent and normal at a point in both Cartesian and
parametric forms.
4. Differential Calculus: Concept of a real valued function — domain,
range and graph. Composite functions one to one, onto and inverse functions,
algebra of real functions examples of polynomial, rational, trigonometric,
exponential and logarithmic functions. Notion of limit, Standard limits - examples.
Continuity of functions - examples, algebraic operations on continuous
functions. Derivative of a function at a point, geometrical and physical
interpretation of a derivative - applications. Derivative of sum, product and
quotient of functions, derivative of a function with respect to another
function, derivative of a composite function, chain rule. Second order
derivatives. Role’s theorem (statement only), increasing and decreasing
functions. Application of derivatives in problems of maxima, minima, greatest
and least values of a function.
5. Integral Calculus and Differential equations: Integral Calculus:
Integration as inverse of differential, integration by substitution and by
parts, standard integrals involving algebraic expression, trigonometric,
exponential and hyperbolic functions. Evaluation of definite
integralsdetermination of areas of plane regions bounded by curves -
applications. Differential equations : Definition of order and degree of a
differential equation, formation of a differential equation by examples.
General and particular solution of a differential equation, solution of first
order and first degree differential equation of various types - examples.
Solution of second order homogeneous differential equation with constant co-efficient.
6. Vectors and its applications: Magnitude and direction of a vector,
equal vectors, unit vector, zero vector, vectors in two and three dimensions,
position vector. Multiplication of a vector by a scalar, sum and difference of
two vectors, Parallelogram law and triangle law of addition. Multiplication of vectors — scalar
product or dot product of two vectors, perpendicularity, commutative and
distributive properties. Vector product or cross product of two vectors. Scalar
and vector triple products. Equations of a line, plane and sphere in vector
form – simple problems. Area of a triangle, parallelogram and problems of plane
geometry and trigonometry using vector methods. Work done by a force and moment
of a force.
7. Statistics and probability: Statistics: Frequency distribution,
cumulative frequency distribution - examples. Graphical representation -
Histogram, frequency polygon - examples. Measure of central tendency - mean,
median and mode. Variance and standard deviation - determination and comparison.
Correlation and regression. Probability: Random experiment, outcomes and
associated sample space, events, mutually exclusive and exhaustive events,
impossible and certain events. Union and Intersection of events. Complementary,
elementary and composite events. Definition of probability: classical and
statistical - examples. Elementary theorems on probability - simple problems
conditionals probability, Bayes' theorem - simple problems. Random variable as
function on a sample space. Binomial distribution, examples of random
experiments giving rise to Binomial distribution. Personality Test Each
candidate will be interviewed by a Board who will have before them a record of
his career both academic and extramural. They will be asked questions on matters
of general interest. Special attention will be paid to assessing their
potential qualities of leadership, initiative and intellectual curiosity, tact
and other social qualities, mental and physical energy, power of practical
application and integrity of character.
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